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S _ D _ Clue
THE FOUR WEIGHTS ARE: 1, 3, 9 AND 17. THE FOURTH WEIGHT IS NOT 27 BECAUSE BY USING A 27 POUND WEIGHT, WE WOULD ABLE TO MEASURE UP TO 40 POUNDS. BUT SINCE WE NEED TO MEASURE ONLY UP TO 30 POUNDS, WE CAN SUBTRACT 10 FROM 27 TO GET 17. LET A=1, B=3, C=9 AND D=17. 1LBS = A 2LBS + A = B 3LBS = C 4LBS = A + B 5LBS + A + B = C 6LBS + B = C 7LBS + B = A + C 8LBS + A = C 9LBS = C 10LBS = A + C ... 20LBS = B + D ... 30LBS = A + B + C + D THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF WEIGHTS REQUIRED IS FIVE AND THESE SHOULD WEIGHT 1, 3, 9, 27 AND 81 POUNDS. THE MERCHANT HAS TO USE A BALANCE WEIGHING SCALE TO DO THE JOB. TO WEIGH 2 POUNDS, HE'LL HAVE TO PUT THE 3 POUND WEIGHT ON ONE PAN AND 1 POUND WEIGHT ON THE OTHER PAN. TO WEIGH 5 POUNDS, HE'LL HAVE TO PUT THE 9 POUND WEIGHT ON ONE PAN AND 1 AND 3 POUND WEIGHTS ON THE OTHER PAN HE WOULD NEED TO PLACE THE 3-POUND WEIGHT AND THE 1-POUND WEIGHT ON THE SAME SIDE AS THE OBJECT AND BALANCE IT WITH THE 9-POUND WEIGHT. IF THE 2 GROUPS WEIGH THE SAME, THEN THE WEIGHT OF THE OBJECT IS 5 POUNDS. WHEN YOU PLACE A WEIGHT ON THE SAME PAN OF THE SCALE AS THE OBJECT YOU ARE WEIGHING, YOU SUBTRACT THAT WEIGHT FROM THE TOTAL OF THE WEIGHTS ON THE PAN ON THE OTHER SIDE THE TOTAL IS 2. WHEN THE BOOK ON THE LEFT IS UPSIDE DOWN THEN THE PAGE NUMBER ON THE EXTREME LEFT IS 1 AND THE RIGHT HAND SIDE BOOK'S EXTREME RIGHT HAND SIDE PAGE NUMBER IS ALSO 1. ANOTHER WAY TO LOOK AT THE PROBLEM: IF TWO BOOKS ARE STANDING SIDE BY SIDE TO EACH OTHER, PAGE 1 IS ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF EACH BOOK (ASSUMING YOU ARE LOOKING AT THE SPINE OF THE BOOKS). TURNING THE ONE ON THE LEFT UPSIDE DOWN (WITH THE BOOK SPINE STILL POINTING OUT), BRINGS PAGE 1 TO THE LEFT SIDE. AND SO AT THE "EXTREME LEFT" OF THE BOOK ON THE LEFT IS PAGE 1, WHILE THE "EXTREME RIGHT" OF THE BOOK ON THE RIGHT IS ALSO PAGE 1